Cloud Advanced Concept: Introduction to Virtualization and Hypervisiors

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Cloud Advanced Concept

                                                                                    By:  Jayant Sharma
                                                                                     
Virtualization
Virtualization is the process of "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something.
In cloud computing, it is a technique, which allows sharing a single physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations. It assigns a logical name to a physical resource and provides a pointer to that physical resource on demand.
A Virtual machine provides an environment that is logically separated from the underlying hardware, hence making it platform independent. The machine on which the virtual machine is created is known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine.
Types of Virtualization
There are four types:
  1. Hardware Virtualization.
  2. Operating system Virtualization.
  3. Server Virtualization.
  4. Storage Virtualization.
Hardware Virtualization:
The Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is known as Hardware Virtualization, i.e. when the virtual machine is directly installed on the hardware system, it is known as hardware virtualization. After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it and run different applications on those OS.
Types of Hardware Virtualization
There are three types of hardware virtualization:
  • Full Virtualization
  • Emulation Virtualization
  • Para virtualization

Full Virtualization: In this, the underlying hardware is completely simulated. Guest software does not require any modification to run.
Emulation Virtualization: In this, the virtual machine simulates the hardware and hence becomes independent of it. In this, the guest operating system does not require modification.
Para virtualization: In this, the hardware is not simulated. The guest software run their own isolated domains.
Operating system Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of directly on the hardware system is known as operating system virtualization. It is mainly used for testing the applications on different platforms of OS.
Server Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system is known as server virtualization. It is done because a single physical server can be divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.
Storage Virtualization
It is the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device. Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software applications. Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.

Virtualization is very important in the cloud. Users share the data present in the clouds like applications, but with the help of virtualization users shares the Infrastructure. The main reason is to provide the applications with the standard versions to their cloud users. For example, suppose if the next version of that application is released, then cloud provider has to provide the latest version to their cloud users and practically it is possible but it is more expensive. To overcome this problem, virtualization technology is used.


Hypervisor

It is a firmware or a low-level program that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM). It allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a single host system at the same time. The hypervisor program installed on the computer allowed the sharing of its memory.
Hypervisors can be divided into two types:
  • Type 1: Also known as native or bare-metal hypervisors, these run directly on the host computer’s hardware to control the hardware resources and to manage guest operating systems.
  • Examples- VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer and Microsoft Hyper-V hypervison.
  • Type 2: Also known as hosted hypervisors, these run within a formal operating system environment. In this type, the hypervisor runs as a distinct second layer while the operating system runs as a third layer above the hardware.


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